Volume 34 Number 1 (2025)

Comparative Effects of Kapalbhati and Slow Deep Breathing on Heart Rate Variability: Mechanistic Insights into Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Dominance

Malhotra V1 , Gumashta J2 , Bhagat OL3 , Dhakar MJ4 , Sofia M5 , Patel MH6

Mymensingh Med J 2025 Jan; 34 (1): 256-264

Abstract

The autonomic nervous system governs rhythmic fluctuations in blood pressure and heart rate, which are influenced by breathing patterns. This study aims to explore how different breathing techniques, specifically Kapalbhati (fast-paced breathing) and Slow Deep Breathing (SDB), affect heart rate variability (HRV). This study was conducted in the Department of Physiology and AYUSH at AIIMS Bhopal, India and duration was 2 (Two) months from May 2021 to June 2021 This quasi-experimental study involved 60 participants divided into two groups: Kapalbhati and SDB. Results showed significant differences in HRV, with Kapalbhati inducing sympathetic dominance and SDB promoting parasympathetic activity. These findings suggest that SDB may enhance relaxation and longevity, while Kapalbhati could aid in weight loss by boosting metabolism.

Keywords: Heart rate variability (HRV), Kapalbhati, Slow deep breathing, Autonomic functions


  1. Additional Professor

    Department of Physiology, AIIMS Bhopal, India

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Volume 34, Number 1 (2025)
Page: 256-264